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名前：　小城　勝相 (Shosuke KOJO)

職名：　教授

生年月日：　1948年1月28日

出身：　大阪府

略歴：　北野高校、京都大学工学部合成化学科卒、同大学院博士課程修了、

薬学博士（九州大学）MIT（米国マサチューセッツ工科大学）理学部化学科博士研究員、京都大学医学部公衆衛生学教室助手、兵庫教育大学教育学部助教授を経て、1994年から現職。放送大学・大学院客員教授。

2009年5月「生体内酸化ストレス指標としてのビタミンＣに関する研究」により平成21年度日本ビタミン学会学会賞を受賞しました。共同研究者、卒業生の皆様に深く感謝いたします。

http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/people/vsojkn/syokai/jyusyo-heisei.html

生命の誕生における最大の謎：地球の原始の海でＬ－アミノ酸がどのようにして選ばれたのか？という問題について、独創的な実験的証拠と仮説を英国化学会速報誌に発表し、hot paperに選ばれました。

http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/CC/article.asp?doi=B409941A

研究テーマ

体内で起こるラジカル反応に関する研究

　地球上のほとんどの生物は、酸素を呼吸してエネルギーを得ています。酸素は我々にとって不可欠です。一方、酸素は反応性の高い分子なので、細胞膜に有害な酸化的障害（ラジカル反応と呼ばれる一種の燃焼反応で、文字通り我々は何時も燃えて生きています）を引き起こすのを避けられません。この酸化的障害の蓄積が老化、癌、各種の成人病や環境汚染物質による健康障害を引き起こすと考えられており、今、世界中で大きな注目を集めています。細胞内で酸化的障害がどのように引き起こされ、又、細胞はそれをどのように防ぐのかについて、動物（人間の健康との関連で研究していますのでヒトに近い哺乳類動物を使用します。本研究室では主にラット：実験用に飼育されている遺伝的に純系の真っ白なかわいいネズミです）や細胞を使って化学的に解析(＊注)する研究を進めています。ビタミンＣ、Ｅなどは代表的な抗酸化剤（ラジカル反応を阻止する物質）であり、これらビタミンの働きなどが中心的なテーマです。

(＊注)細胞には何万という種類の物質（分子）が存在しています。今、ラジカル反応を研究しようとする場合、化学的に観て重要な物質がいくつかあります。それらの物質の量を正確に測定する方法自体を開発して、ラジカル反応が起こったとき、体の中でどのような変化が起こるのかを正しく、総合的に研究しようという方法です。例えば、ビタミンＣは良く知られた抗酸化ビタミンですが、その正確な測定法は、我々が開発して、1992年に米国化学会の学術雑誌に報告しています。

本研究室の研究をやさしく解説した本を出版しました。


「生命にとって酸素とは何か－生命を支える中心物質の働きを探る」講談社ブルーバックス
　詳しくは次のアドレスにアクセスしてください。

http://shop.kodansha.jp/bc2_bc/intro_idc.jsp?id=29081

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　2009年春　奈良公園にて

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代表的な発表論文

1.　著書

1. ｢生命にとって酸素とは何かー生命を支える中心物質の働きをさぐる｣

　　小城勝相，　講談社ブルーバックス　(2002).

2. 放送大学大学院教科書「生活科学I—食の科学—」中谷延二，小城勝相，菊崎泰枝編集，「第８章　生活習慣病と食生活（小城勝相）」pp.149-166, 「第９章　カルシウムと骨（小城勝相）」pp.167-184　「第15章　健康な食生活　（小城勝相，菊崎泰枝，西川禎一，中谷延二）」pp. 178-293，日本放送出版協会 (2005).

3. 放送大学教科書「食と健康」中谷延二，清水誠，小城勝相編集，「第5章　微量成分（ビタミン・ミネラル）（小城勝相）」pp.67-94,「第12章　生体内酸化（小城勝相）」167-182,「食による健康維持・増進—これからの食生活（中谷延二，清水誠，小城勝相，菊﨑泰枝）」pp.215-227,日本放送出版協会 (2006).

4. 放送大学大学院教科書「食健康科学」中谷延二，小城勝相編集，「第4章　タンパク質の科学（小城勝相）」pp.64-79，「第5章　ビタミンとミネラルの科学（小城勝相）」pp.80-100，「第9章　生体内酸化ストレスと疾病（小城勝相）」pp.149-166，「第10章　活性酸素による生活習慣病と食による予防（小城勝相）」pp167-179，日本放送出版協会 (2009).

5. Antioxidants as biomarkers of oxidative stress. I. Ichi and S. Kojo, In Biomarkers for Antioxidant Defense and Oxidative Damage: Principles and Practical Applications (Ed., G. Aldini, K.-J. Yeum, E. Niki, and R. M. Russell) in press, Wiley-Blackwell, Iowa, USA (2009).

6. Antioxidants as biomarkers of oxidative stress. I. Ichi, and S. Kojo, In Biomarkers for Antioxidant Defense and Oxidative Damage: Principles and Practical Applications (Ed., G. Aldini, K.-J. Yeum, E. Niki, and R. M. Russell), pp. 35-49, Wiley-Blackwell, Iowa, USA (2010).

２．英文依頼総説

　　1. Vitamin C, Basic Metabolism and Its Function as an Index of Oxidative Stress. S. Kojo, Curr. Med. Chem., 11, 1041-1064 (2004).
　　2. Origin of homochirality of amino acids in the biosphere. S. Kojo, Symmetry, 2, 1022-1032 (2010).

３.　学術論文

1. Free-radical halogenation of adamantane. Selectivity and relative lifetime of 1- and 2-adamantyl radicals. I. Tabushi, Y. Aoyama, S. Kojo, J. Hamuro, and Z. Yoshida, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 1177-1183 (1972).

2. Photoacetylation of substituted adamantanes. Exclusive bridge-head substitution and a large r* value. I. Tabushi, S. Kojo, and Z. Yoshida, Tetrahedron Lett., 2329-2332 (1973).

3. Selective functionalization of unactivated methine positions. 4-Acetyldiamantane. I. Tabushi, S. Kojo, P. v. R. Schleyer, and T. M. Gund, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 591 (1974).

4. Photochemistry of N₂O₅ with adamantanes. I. Tabushi, and S. Kojo, Chem. Lett., 1431-1434 (1974).

5. Complex pH-rate profile of hematoporphyrin-Mn(IV) decay. I. Tabushi, and S. Kojo, 　Tetrahedron Lett., 1577-1580 (1974).

6. Intermediacy of hematoporphyrin-Mn(III) cation radical in the decay of hemato- porphyrin-Mn(IV) in acidic media. I. Tabushi, and S. Kojo, Tetrahedron Lett., 305-308 (1975).

7. Synthesis of hemin c from hemin. S. Kojo, and S. Sano, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 249-250 (1977).

8. Mechanism of photoacetylation of substituted adamantanes. I. Tabushi, S. Kojo, and K. Fukunishi, J. Org. Chem., 43, 2370-2374 (1978).

9. Chemistry of 2-substituted pyrimidines. Studies toward the synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of bleomycin. W. K. Hagman, F. Z. Basha, M. Hashimoto, R. B. Frye, S. Kojo, and S. M. Hecht, J. Org. Chem., 46, 1413-1423 (1981).

10. Mechanism of novel synthesis of haemin c from protohaemin and L-cysteine.　 Markownikoff-type radical addition reaction. S. Kojo, and S. Sano, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 2864-2870 (1981).

11. Degradation of horse heart cytochrome c to a single diastereoisomeric porphyrin c. S. Kojo, S. Sano, and K. Fukunishi, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1223-1224 (1981).

12. Exclusive free radical dediazoniation of benzenediazonium ions by b-cyclodextrin. K. Fukunishi, H. Kazumura, H. Yamanaka, M. Nomura, and S. Kojo, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 799-800 (1982).

13. 京都府下元マンガン鉱採掘等作業従事者にみられたマンガン中毒の実態。 佐野，山下，川西，井口，吉永，小城，塚本，藤田，岡本，加藤，宮本，浮田，山根，森，池田，乾，藤岡，阿部，日本衛生学雑誌，37, 566-579 (1982).

14. Hydroxylation of benzenes involving the NIH shift utilizing electronic model compound for monooxygenases. S. Kojo, and K. Fukunishi, Chem. Lett., 1707-1710 (1983).

15. Liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat. R. Nakata, I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 34, 586-588 (1985).

16. Cyclodextrin-promoted free-radical dediazoniation of benzenediazonium ions. K. Fukunishi, J. Hira, H. Yamanaka, M. Nomura, and S. Kojo, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, 991-995 (1985).

17. a-Adrenergic regulation of the activity of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. R. Nakata, I. Tsukamoto, M. Nanme, S. Makino, M. Miyoshi, and S. Kojo, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 114, 355-360 (1985).

18. Liver regeneration in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. R. Nakata, I. Tsukamoto, M. Miyoshi, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 865-867 (1986).

19. Effect of thyroparathyroidectomy on the activities of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. R. Nakata, I. Tsukamoto, M. Miyoshi, and S. Kojo, Clin. Sci., 72, 455-461 (1987).

20. Purification and characterization of thymidylate synthetase from rat regenerating liver. R. Nakata, I. Tsukamoto, M. Miyoshi, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 924, 297-302 (1987).

21. Effect of phobol ester on rat liver regeneration. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 36, 2871-2872 (1987).

22. Electron transfer reaction from dimethylanilines to cation radical of magnesium octaethyl-porphyrin. S. Kojo, K. Morimitsu, and I. Tabushi, Chem. Lett., 2095-2096 (1987).

23. Effect of calcium channel blockers and trifluoperazine on rat liver regeneration. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 144, 159-162 (1987).

24. One evidence supporting that thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase are the rate-determining enzymes of DNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Chem. Lett., 2313-2316 (1987).

25. A new immunoblotting assay fot thymidylate synthetase and its application to the regulation of enzyme activity in regenerating rat liver. I. Tsukamoto, R. Nakata, M. Miyoshi, S. Taketani, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 964, 254-259 (1988).

26. Photoacetylation of 2-substituted adamantanes. Stereochemistry and substituent effects. K. Fukunishi, A. Kohno, and S. Kojo, J. Org. Chem., 53, 4369-4374 (1988).

27. Erhalt der Konfiguration bei der nicht-Darwinistischen Evolution von Cytochrom c.

　　 S. Kojo, K. Fukunishi, and I. Tsukamoto, Angew. Chem., 101, 64-65 (1989).

　　 Retention of configuration in the non-Darwinian evolution of cytochrome c. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 28, 71-72 (1989).

28. Possible generation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane by asbestos: cytotoxic mechanism of asbestos. H. Iguchi, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Int., 18, 981-990 (1989).

29. Effect of glucocorticoid on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in the rat. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Gut, 30, 387-390 (1989).

30. 健康問題から見た食物教育（第１報）教科書における栄養素の働きの分類に関する一考察。高田久美子，小城勝相，日本家庭科教育学会誌，32, 第２号, 31-35 (1989).

31. Effect of colchicine and vincristine on DNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1009, 191-193 (1989).

32. The sex difference in the regulation of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in the rat. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1033, 287-290 (1990).

33. Effect of a-blockade on liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat. Y. Ochi, Y. Yumori, A. Morioka, K. Miura, I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 39, 2065-2066 (1990).

34. Determination of malondialdehyde with chemical derivatization into the pyrimidine compound and HPLC. E. Kishida, M. Oribe, K. Mochizuki, S. Kojo, and H. Iguchi, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1045, 187-188 (1990).

35. Effect of cycloheximide and actinomycin D on rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 36, 357-363 (1990).

36. Relationship among malondialdehyde, TBA-reactive substances and tocopherols in the oxidation of rapeseed oil. E. Kishida, M. Oribe, and S. Kojo, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 36, 619-623 (1990).

37. Relationship among malondialdehyde, TBA-reactive substances and tocopherols in the oxidation of soybean oil. E. Kishida, M. Oribe, and S. Kojo, J. Home Econ. Jpn.（日本家政学会誌）, 42, 219-222 (1991).

38. Early decreases in pulmonary, hepatic and renal glutathione levels in response to cadmium instillation into rat trachea. H. Iguchi, S. Kojo, and M. Ikeda, J. Appl. Toxicol., 11, 211-217 (1991).

39. The effects of fluorouracil on thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1074, 52-55 (1991).

40. Effect of interferone inducer, polyriboinosinic・polyribocytidylic acid on rat liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Int., 23, 619-624 (1991).

41. Effect of the remaining ischemic liver lobes on DNA synthesis in rat liver regeneration following 70% functional hepatectomy. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Int., 23, 923-926 (1991).

42. Purification and charaterization of thymidine kinase from regenerating rat liver. I. Tsukamoto, Y. Taniguchi, M. Miyoshi, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1079, 348-352 (1991).

43. The effects of methotrexate on rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, Clin. Sci., 82, 181-184 (1992).

44. Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent assay in aqueous solution with g-cyclodextrin. S. Kojo, S. Tokumaru, E. Kishida and I. Tsukamoto, Clin. Chem., 38, 788-788 (1992).

45. Specific determination of ascorbic acid with chemical derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography. E. Kishida, Y. Nishimoto, and S. Kojo, Anal. Chem., 64, 1505-1507 (1992).

46. Effect of endotoxin on rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. I. Tsukamoto, R. Nakata, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Int., 27, 1047-1050 (1992).

47. Re-evaluation of malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances as indices of autoxidation based on the oxygen consumption. E. Kishida, A. Kamura, S. Tokumaru, M. Oribe, H. Iguchi, and S. Kojo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41, 1-4 (1993).

48. Lipid peroxidation and disintegration of the cell membrane structure in cultures of rat lung fibroblasts treated with asbestos. H. Iguchi, S. Kojo, and M. Ikeda, J. Appl. Toxicol., 13, 269-275 (1993).

49. 粉ミルクの酸化の指標。岸田恵津，中里桂子，山下明美，得丸定子，織部ミチ子，小城勝相，ビタミン，67, 411-415 (1993).

50.　 Effect of ageing on rat liver regeneration after partial hepatetomy. I. Tsukamoto, R. Nakata, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 30, 773-778 (1993).

51. Comparison of the formation of malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances from autoxidized fatty acids based on oxygen consumption. E. Kishida, S. Tokumaru, Y. Ishitani, M. Yamamoto, M. Oribe, H. Iguchi, and S. Kojo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41, 1598-1600 (1993).

52. Specific and sensitive determination of lipid hydroperoxides with chemical derivatization into 1-naphthyldiphenylphosphine oxide and high-performance liquid chromatography. S. Tokumaru, I. Tsukamoto, H. Iguchi, and S. Kojo, Anal. Chim. Acta, 307, 97-102 (1995).

53. Change of the lipid hydroperoxide level in mouse organs on ageing. S. Tokumaru, H. Iguchi, and S. Kojo, Mech. Ageing Dev. , 86, 67-74 (1996).

54. NO synthase activity in the lung and NO synthesis in alveolar macrophages of rats increased on exposure to asbestos. H. Iguchi, S. Kojo, and M. Ikeda, J. Appl. Toxicol., 16, 309-315 (1996).

55. Change in the level of vitamin C and lipid peroxidation in tissues of the inherently scorbutic rat during ascorbate deficiency. S. Tokumaru, S. Takeshita, R. Nakata, I. Tsukamoto, and S. Kojo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 2748-2753 (1996).

56. Increase of lipid hydroperoxides in tissues of vitamin E-deficient rats. S. Tokumaru, R. Ogino, A. Shiromoto, H. Iguchi and S. Kojo, Free Radic. Res., 26, 169-174 (1997).

57.　 Possible involvement of radical reactions in desialylation of LDL. K. Tanaka, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, FEBS Lett., 413, 202-204 (1997).

58. Interactions between vitamin C and vitamin E are observed in tissues of inherently scorbutic rats. K. Tanaka, T. Hashimoto, S. Tokumaru, H. Iguchi, and S. Kojo, J. Nutr., 127, 2060-2064 (1997).

59. Increase of lipid hydroperoxides in liver mitochondria and inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats. K. Ikeda, M. Toda, K. Tanaka, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Free Radic. Res., 28, 403-410 (1998).

60. Increase of lipid hydroperoxides in the rat liver and kidney after administering ferric nitrilotriacetate. K. Ikeda, F. Sun, K. Tanaka, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 62, 1438-1439 (1998).

61. Change in the level of sialic acid in plasma, brain and liver of inherently scorbutic rats during vitamins C and E deficiencies. K. Tanaka, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 62, 1592-1593 (1998).

62. Degradation of transferrin and albumin by radical reactions in human plasma evaluated by immunoblot. Y. Yamada, E. Okamoto, K. Tanaka, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 46, 733-738　 (1998).

63. Rat alveolar macrophages produce O2- and NO in the culture with JFM standard fibers. H. Iguchi, and S. Kojo, in "Excerpta Medica International Congress Series 1153: Advances in the Prevention of Occupational Respiratory Diseases", pp. 615-620, K. Chiyotani, Y. Hosoda and Y. Aizawa, Eds, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1998).

64. Change in tissue concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides, vitamin C and vitamin E in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. F. Sun, K. Iwaguchi, R. Shudo, Y. Nagaki, K. Tanaka, K. Ikeda, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Clin. Sci., 96, 185-190 (1999).

65. Facile degradation of apolipoprotein B by radical reactions and the presence of cleaved proteins in serum. K. Tanaka, H. Iguchi, S. Taketani, R. Nakata, S. Tokumaru, T. Sugimoto, and S. Kojo, J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 125, 173-176 (1999).

66. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical in chemically induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells.　 K. Ikeda, K. Kajiwara, E. Tanabe, S. Tokumaru, E. Kishida, Y. Masuzawa, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 57, 1361-1365 (1999).

67. Comparison of reactivity among carbohydrate moieties of transferrin to a radical reaction. K. Tanaka, Y. Yamada, S. Narita, R. Hashimoto, and S. Kojo, Res. Commun. Biochem. Cell Mol. Biol., 3, 63-68 (1999).

68. Increase of caspase-3 activity in rat liver and plasma by thioacetamide. S. Hayami, K. Ikeda, F. Sun, K. Tanaka, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 58, 1941-1943 (1999).

69. Unusually high reactivity of apolipoprotein B-100 among proteins to radical reactions induced in human plasma. R. Hashimoto, S. Narita, Y. Yamada, K. Tanaka, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1483, 236-240 (2000).

70. Evaluation of oxidative stress based on lipid hydroperoxide, vitamin C and vitamin E during apoptosis and necrosis caused by thioacetamide in rat liver. F. Sun, S. Hayami, Y. Ogiri, S. Haruna, K. Tanaka, Y. Yamada, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1500, 181-185 (2000).

71. Age-dependent changes in lipid peroxide levels in various organs in senescence-accelerated mouse. S. Matsugo, T. Kitagawa, S. Minami, Y. Esashi, Y. Oomura, S. Tokumaru, S. Kojo, K. Matsushima, and K. Sasaki, Neurosci. Lett., 278, 105-108　 (2000).

72. Docosahexaenoic acid and vitamin E can reduce human monocytic U937 cell apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor. M. Yano, E. Kishida, M. Iwasaki, S. Kojo, and Y. Masuzawa, J. Nutr., 130, 1095-1101 (2000).

73.　 In vivo antioxidant activity of propolis evaluated by the interaction with vitamin C and E, and the level of lipid hydroperoxides in rats. F. Sun, S. Hayami, S. Haruna, Y. Ogiri, K. Tanaka, Y. Yamada, K. Ikeda, H. Yamada, H. Sugimoto, N. Kawai, and S. Kojo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 1462-1465 (2000).

74. Change in caspase-3-like protease in the liver and plasma during rat liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. S. Hayami, M. Yaita, Y. Ogiri, F. Sun, R. Nakata, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 60, 1883-1886 (2000).

75. Inhibition of radical reaction of apolipoprotein B-100 and a-tocopherol in human plasma by green tea catechins. R. Hashimoto, M. Yaita, K. Tanaka, Y. Hara, and S. Kojo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 6380-6383 (2000).

76. Protective effect of fluvastatin on degradation of apolipoprotein B by radical reaction in human plasma. S. Aoki, K. Ikeda, M. Yamamura, and S. Kojo, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 24, 123-126 (2001).

77. Evaluation of oxidative stress during apoptosis and necrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride in rat liver. F. Sun, C. Tsutsui, E. Hamagawa, Y. Ono, Y. Ogiri, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1535, 186-191 (2001).

78. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical involvement in the activation of caspase-3 in chemically induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. K. Kajiwara, K. Ikeda, R. Kuroi, R. Hashimoto, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 58, 485-491 (2001).

79. Increase of ceramides and its inhibition by catalase during chemically induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells determined by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Y. Yamada, K. Kajiwara, M. Yano, E. Kishida, Y. Masuzawa, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1532, 115-120 (2001).

80. Enantioselective crystallization of D,L-amino acids induced by spontaneous asymmetric resolution of D,L-asparagine. S. Kojo, and K. Tanaka, Chem. Commun., 1980-1981 (2001).

81. Role of serum components in the binding and phagocytosis of oxidatively damaged erythrocytes by autologous mouse macrophages. K. Tanaka, Y. Usui, and S. Kojo, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 58, 1727-1733 (2001).

82. Rapid oxidation of dichlorofluorescin with heme and hemoproteins: Formation of the fluorescin is independent of the generation of reactive oxygen species. T. Ohashi, A. Mizutani, A. Murakami, S. Kojo, T. Ishii, and S. Taketani, FEBS Lett., 511, 21-27 (2002).

83. Very low vitamin C activity of orally administered L-dehydroascorbic acid. Y. Ogiri, F. Sun, S. Hayami, A. Fujimura, K. Yamamoto, M. Yaita, and S. Kojo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 227-229 (2002).

84. Induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells by photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals. S. Haruna, R. Kuroi, K. Kajiwara, R. Hashimoto, S. Matsugo, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 675-676 (2002).

85. Evaluation of apolipoprotein B-100 fragmentation and cross-link in the serum as an index of atherosclerosis. R. Hashimoto, N. Matsukawa, Y. Nariyama, Y. Ogiri, E. Hamagawa, K. Tanaka, Y. Usui, S. Nakano, T. Maruyama, S. Kyotani, M. Tsushima, and S. Kojo, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1584, 123-128 (2002).

86. Effects of chronic acetyl-L-carnitine treatment on brain lipid hydroperoxide level and passive avoidance learning in senescence-accelerated mice. F. Yasui, S. Matsugo, M. Ishibashi, T. Kajita, Y. Ezashi, Y. Oomura, S. Kojo, and K. Sasaki, Neurosci. Lett., 334, 177-180 (2002).

87. Change in the concentration of vitamins C and E in rat tissues by paraquat administration. K. Ikeda, Y. Kumagai, Y. Nagano, N. Matsuzawa, and S. Kojo, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 67, 1130-1131 (2003).

88. Evaluation of oxidative stress during apoptosis and necrosis caused by D-galactosamine in rat liver. F. Sun, E. Hamagawa, C. Tsutsui, N. Sakaguchi, Y. Kakuta, S. Tokumaru, and S. Kojo, Biochem. Pharmacol., 65, 101-107 (2003).

89. Higher reactivity of apolipoprotein B-100 and a-tocopherol compared to sialic acid moiety of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in radical reaction. N. Matsukawa, Y. Nariyama, R. Hashimoto, and S. Kojo, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 11, 4009-4013 (2003).

90. Brain lipid hydroperoxide level increases in senescence-accelerated mice at an early age.　 F. Yasui, M. Ishibashi, S. Matsugo, S. Kojo, Y. Oomura, and K. Sasaki, Neurosci. Lett., 350, 66-68 (2003).

91. Mechanism for aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol to 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone catalyzed by di-m-hydroxo-dicopper (II) complexes of peralkylated ethylenediamine ligands. M. Kodera, K. Kawata, K. Kano, Y. Tachi, S. Itoh, and S. Kojo, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 76, 1957-1964 (2003).

92. Effect of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) extract on lipid peroxidation in vitamin E deficient rats. E. Hitomi, A. Nishikiori, A. Matsumoto, S. Moriguchi, S. Kojo, S. Tokumaru, and M. Nakano, ITE Lett., 5, 64-72 (2004).

93. Change in liver and plasma ceramides during D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury by LC-MS/MS. M. Yamaguchi, Y. Miyashita, Y. Kumagai, and S. Kojo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 4061-4064 (2004).

94. Effects of seasonings on the stability of ascorbic acid in a cooking model system. E. Kishida, T. Maeda, A. Nishimura, S. Kojo, and Y. Masuzawa, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 50, 431-437 (2004).

95. Racemic D,L-asparagine causes enantiomeric excess of other coexisting racemic D,L-amino acids during recrystallization: a hypothesis accounting for the origin of L-amino acids in the biosphere. S. Kojo, H. Uchino, M. Yoshimura, and K. Tanaka, Chem. Comm., 2146 - 2147 (2004).

96. A novel vitamin C analog, 2-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid: Examination of enzymatic synthesis and biological activity. Y. Toyoda-Ono, M. Maeda, M. Nakao, M. Yoshimura, N. Sugiura-Tomimori, H. Fukami, H. Nishioka, Y. Miyashita, and S. Kojo, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 99, 361-365 (2005).

97. Decrease in the particle size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation. A. Hidaka, K. Inoue, S. Kutsukake, M. Adachi, Y. Kakuta, and S. Kojo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 2781-2785 (2005).

98. The presence of oxidized phosphatidylserine on Fas-mediated apoptotic cell surface. T. Matsura, A. Togawa, M. Kai, T. Nishida, J. Nakada, Y. Ishibe, S. Kojo, Y. Yamamoto, and K. Yamada, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1736, 181-188 (2005).

99. 調理モデル系におけるアスコルビン酸の安定性に及ぼす油脂の影響。岸田恵津，前田智子，片尾未央，小城勝相，増澤康男，日本調理科学会誌，39, 148-153 (2006).

100. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) during D-galactosamine intoxication in the rat liver. H. Nishioka, T. Kishioka, C. Iida, K. Fujii, I. Ichi, and S. Kojo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 3019-3022 (2006).

101. Association of ceramides in human plasma with risk factors of atherosclerosis. I. Ichi, K. Nakahara, Y. Miyashita, A. Hidaka, S. Kutsukake, K. Inoue, T. Maruyama, Y. Miwa, M. Harada-Shiba, M. Tsushima, S. Kojo, and Kisei Cohort Study Group, Lipids, 41, 859-863 (2006).

102. An antioxidant role of a reagent, 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate detecting reactive-oxygen species, blocking the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and protecting cytotoxicity. Y. Andoh, A. Mizutani, T. Ohashi, S. Kojo, T. Ishii, Y. Adachi, S. Ikehara, and S. Taketani, J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 140, 483-489 (2006).

103. In vivo and in vitro effects of hyperglycemia on Na⁺-K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-dependent ATPases activity in brain synaptosomes of aging rats. T. Torlinska, A. Grochowalska, J. Kupsz, J. Skoracka, and S. Kojo, J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 57, Suppl. 7, 145-158 (2006).

104. Increase of ceramide in the liver and plasma after carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat. I. Ichi, K. Nakahara, K. Fujii, C. Iida, Y. Miyashita, and S. Kojo, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 53, 53-56 (2007).

105. Inhibitory effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on necrosis and oxidative stress caused by D-galactosamine in the rat liver. C. Iida, K. Fujii, E. Koga, Y. Washino, I. Ichi, and S. Kojo, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 53, 160-165 (2007).

106. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) during carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat liver. C. Iida, K. Fujii, T. Kishioka, R. Nagae, Y. Onishi, I. Ichi, S. Kojo, Arch. Toxicol., 81, 489-493 (2007).

107. Effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on oxidative stress, activation of mitogen activated protein kinase and necrosis caused by thioacetamide in the rat liver. T. Kishioka, C. Iida, K. Fujii, R. Nagae, Y. Onishi, I. Ichi, and S. Kojo, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 564, 190-195 (2007).

108. Effects of dietary cholesterol on tissue ceramides and oxidation products of apolipoprotein B-100 in apoE deficient mice. I. Ichi, Y. Takashima, N. Adachi, K. Nakahara, C. Kamikawa, M. Harada-Shiba, and S. Kojo, Lipids, 42, 893-900 (2007).

109. The effect of dietary cholesterol and high fat on ceramide concentration in rat tissues. I. Ichi, K. Nakahara, K. Kiso, and S. Kojo, Nutrition, 23, 570-574 (2007).

110. Involvement of 101F6, a homologue of cytochrome b₅₆₁, in the reduction of ferric ions. A. Mizutani, R. Sanuki, K. Kakimoto, S. Kojo, and S. Taketani, J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 142, 699-705 (2007).

111. Effect of a-tocopherol on carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat liver. C. Iida, K. Fujii, E. Koga, Y. Washino, Y. Kitamura, I. Ichi, K. Abe, T. Matsura, and S. Kojo, Arch. Toxicol., 83, 477-483 (2009).

112. The beneficial effect of propolis on fat accumulation and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. 　I. Ichi, H. Hori, Y. Takashima, N. Adachi, R. Kataoka, K. Okihara, K. Hashimoto, and S. Kojo, J. Food. Sci., 74, H127-H131 (2009).

113. Neutral sphingomyelinase-induced ceramide accumulation by oxidative stress during carbon tetrachloride intoxication. I. Ichi, C. Kamikawa, T. Nakagawa, K. Kobayashi, R. Kataoka, E. Nagata, Y. Kitamura, C. Nakazaki, T. Matsura, and S. Kojo, Toxicology, 261, 33-40 (2009).

114. S1P3-mediated cardiac fibrosis in sphingosine kinase 1 transgenic mice involves reactive oxygen species. N. Takuwa, S. Ohkura, S. Takashima, F. Wang, T. Tanaka, K. Hirano, Y. Banno, M. Sasaki, I. Ichi, Y. Okamoto, K. Yoshioka, W. Du, M. Okamura, N. Sugimoto, K. Mizugishi, Y. Nakamura, I. Ishii, M. Takamura, S. Kaneko, S. Kojo, K. Satouchi, K. Mitumori, J. Chun, and Y. Takuwa, Cardiovasc. Res., 85, 484-493 (2010).

115. Effect of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats. Y. Washino, E. Koga, Y. Kitamura, C. Kamikawa, K. Kobayashi, T. Nakagawa, C. Nakazaki, I. Ichi, and S. Kojo, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 33, 707-709 (2010).

116. Oxidative stress in the ischemic and non-ischemic parts of the rat liver after two-thirds ischemia/reperfusion. Y. Kitamura, Y. Washino, E. Koga, A. Ito, M. Kawagoe, C. Nakazaki, K. Kiso, I. Ichi, T. Matsura, and S. Kojo, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 74, 979-983 (2010).

117. Effect of nobiletin on lipid metabolism in rats. E. Nagata, I. Ichi, R. Kataoka, M. Matsushima, N. Adachi, Y. Kitamura, T. Sasaki, and S. Kojo, J. Health Sci., 56, 705-711 (2010).